Thyroid Disorder in Women

Thyroid disorders are common in women and can affect energy, weight, menstrual cycles, fertility, pregnancy and mood. The two broad patterns are an underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, and an overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism.

Hypothyroidism
Symptoms can include tiredness, feeling unusually cold, constipation, dry skin, hair changes, weight gain and menstrual changes. Symptoms are not specific, so blood testing is used rather than diagnosing thyroid disease from symptoms alone.

Hyperthyroidism
An overactive thyroid may cause weight loss, heat intolerance, tremor, palpitations, anxiety, frequent stools and menstrual changes. Some people develop eye symptoms in specific autoimmune thyroid disease.

Diagnosis and treatment
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is commonly used as an initial blood test, with other thyroid tests added when needed. Treatment depends on the cause. Hypothyroidism is often treated with thyroid hormone replacement, while hyperthyroidism has several possible treatment approaches.

Pregnancy and fertility
Thyroid function is particularly important when planning pregnancy and during pregnancy because thyroid disorders can affect maternal and fetal health. Women with known thyroid disease should discuss pregnancy plans with their clinician rather than adjusting medication themselves.

When to seek medical help?
New severe palpitations, chest pain, fainting, severe breathlessness, marked confusion or a very rapid heartbeat needs urgent medical attention.



Medical note: This article is for general health education and does not replace an examination, diagnosis or personalised medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made with a qualified healthcare professional.